Tajweed Rules

The rules are extracted automatically from the diacritical marks of the Madinah Mushaf according to the riwayah of Hafs 'an 'Asim, following the method of printed tajweed mushafs; their coloured letters were compared with a printed tajweed mushaf on every page.

Noon and meem sakinah and tanween

Izhar (clear pronunciation)A noon sakinah, tanween or meem sakinah is pronounced clearly, with no extra ghunnah.8,421 places أَنۡعَمۡتَ
Idgham with ghunnah (merging with nasalisation)The sakin letter merges into the letter after it with a ghunnah of 2 counts; both letters are coloured.4,776 places الٓمٓ
Idgham without ghunnah (merging without nasalisation)The sakin letter merges into the letter after it without ghunnah; both letters are coloured.1,257 places هُدٗى لِّلۡمُتَّقِينَ
Iqlab (turning into meem)A noon sakinah or tanween is turned into a hidden meem before ba, with a ghunnah of 2 counts.562 places أَلِيمُۢ
Ikhfa (hiding)The letter is pronounced between izhar and idgham, with a ghunnah of 2 counts.5,801 places يُنفِقُونَ

Ghunnah

Noon and meem with shaddahA ghunnah of 2 counts on the noon and meem with shaddah.4,944 places وَمِمَّا

The rules of madd

Madd of 2 countsBadal (a hamza then a madd letter); 'iwad (when stopping on a tanween fath); silah sughra (the pronoun ha); and the letters «حي طهر» in the openings of surahs.4,609 places وَبِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
Madd muttasil (joined madd)A madd letter followed by a hamza in the same word.1,949 places أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ
Madd munfasil (separated madd)A madd letter at the end of a word and a hamza at the beginning of the next (silah kubra is the same): 4 or 5 counts; 2 only by the Tayyibah route.3,220 places بِمَآ
Madd 'arid lis-sukoon (madd before a temporary sukoon)A madd or leen letter before the letter stopped on: 2, 4 or 6 counts.4,543 places ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Madd lazim (necessary madd)A madd letter followed by a permanent sukoon or a shaddah; this includes most of the letters that open surahs.146 places ٱلضَّآلِّينَ
Madd leen lazim (necessary soft madd)The 'ayn of «كٓهيعٓصٓ» and «عٓسٓقٓ»: 6 counts (preferred) or 4; 2 only by the Tayyibah route.2 places كٓهيعٓصٓ

The qualities of the letters

Qalqalah (echoing bounce)A bouncing of the sound on the sakin letters of «قُطب جَد».3,837 places رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ
Hams (breathiness)The breath flows with the letters of «فحثه شخص سكت»; it is marked on them when they are sakin.6,651 places بِسۡمِ
Tafkheem of sakin ra (heavy ra)A sakin ra is heavy after a fathah or dammah and light after a kasrah; the heavy one is coloured, with no label above it.1,810 places ءَأَنذَرۡتَهُمۡ

Particular words

Imalah (leaning)Bringing the fathah close to a kasrah, in «مجراها» only.1 place مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا
Ishmam (rounding the lips)Rounding the lips while merging the noon, in «تأمنّا» only.1 place تَأۡمَ۬نَّا
Tasheel (easing)The second hamza between a hamza and an alif; obligatory in «ءأعجمي» only.1 place ءَا۬عۡجَمِيّٞ